Air Pollution from Wildfires in Northern Brazil: Impacts on Respiratory Health and the Emergency Demand on the Unified Health System.
Keywords:
Doenças respiratórias, Poluição atmosférica, Saúde pública.Abstract
The increase in wildfires in the Amazon, especially in the Northern region of Brazil, has generated serious public health impacts, mainly through air pollution caused by smoke containing toxic particles. This pollution directly affects the population’s respiratory system, contributing to the rise of diseases such as asthma and bronchitis, which has increased the demand for healthcare and hospitalizations within the SUS (Brazil’s Unified Health System). This study, based on an integrative literature review, analyzed over 21,000 articles and selected 453 that addressed the effects of wildfire pollution on public health in the region. Data show that in 2024, Rondônia recorded the highest number of fire outbreaks in 14 years, which led to a significant increase in hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The evidence reinforces the need for effective public policies focused on environmental prevention and strengthening the SUS, through educational campaigns, health surveillance, and improved primary care services.
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